President Emmanuel Macron announced the abolition of France’s esteemed Ecole Nationale d’Administration (ENA) on Thursday, to be replaced by a new Institute for Public Service. Charles de Gaulle founded ENA as a training ground for French leaders at the end of World War II, envisioning a meritocratic postwar system that would offer opportunities for all. But the “grande école” eventually became known as an elite institution that churned out presidents, premiers and captains of industry destined to fill France’s top ranks.
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